Inclusive Anatomy
Structure:
The marginal artery is a continuous arterial channel that runs along the mesenteric border of the large intestine. It is typically located approximately 2–3 cm from the inner border of the colon within the mesocolon.[1]
It represents the most peripheral anastomotic connection between branches of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). The vessel is formed by interconnections among the ileocolic, right colic, middle colic, left colic, and sigmoid arteries.[2] These branches create a continuous arterial arcade extending from the ileocecal junction to the rectosigmoid region.
Although often illustrated as uninterrupted, the marginal artery demonstrates anatomical variability. In some individuals, segments may be attenuated or incomplete, particularly near the splenic flexure. This region is commonly described as a “watershed area” because it lies at the junction of SMA and IMA territories.[2]
Important spatial relationships include its position within the mesentery adjacent to the colon and its proximity to the vasa recta, which arise from the marginal artery to supply the colonic wall.
Image Coming Soon
Function:
The marginal artery serves as a collateral pathway between the superior and inferior mesenteric arterial systems.[1] By forming a continuous anastomotic channel, it helps maintain perfusion to the colon when either the SMA or IMA becomes narrowed, occluded, or surgically ligated.[2]
This collateral circulation is particularly relevant in colorectal surgery. During procedures such as hemicolectomy or low anterior resection, preservation of adequate blood supply is essential to prevent ischemia and anastomotic failure.[2] The presence and integrity of the marginal artery contribute significantly to maintaining perfusion of left-sided colonic structures when major mesenteric vessels are compromised. In cases of mesenteric ischemia or arterial stenosis, the marginal artery may provide an alternative route for blood flow within the colon.[2]
References:
-
Mann MR, Kawzowicz M, Komosa AJ, et al. The marginal artery of Drummond revisited: a systematic review. Transl Res Anat. 2021;24:100118. doi:10.1016/j.tria.2021.100118
-
Bruzzi M, M'harzi L, El Batti S, et al. Inter-mesenteric connections between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries for left colonic vascularization: implications for colorectal surgery. Surg Radiol Anat. 2019;41(3):255-264. doi:10.1007/s00276-018-2139-5
We strive to ensure the accuracy of all content. If you notice any errors or have suggestions for improvement, please reach out to us so we can review and update the material accordingly.