Inclusive Anatomy
Structure:
McBurney’s point is a surface anatomical landmark in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. It is located approximately two-thirds of the distance from the umbilicus to the right anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), measured along an oblique line connecting these two structures.[1]
Although commonly described as corresponding to the base of the appendix, McBurney’s point does not precisely indicate the anatomical position of the appendix in all individuals.[1] The appendix exhibits considerable variability in length and orientation. However, the base of the appendix, where it arises from the cecum, frequently project to the abdominal wall near this landmark.
McBurney’s point overlies the cecum and terminal ileum, lies inferior to the ileocecal valve, and is situated within the right iliac fossa. It is superficial to the layers of the anterior abdominal wall, including the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles.[1]
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Function:
McBurney’s point does not serve a physiological function; rather, it is a clinically significant diagnostic landmark. It is classically associated with maximal tenderness in cases of acute appendicitis.[1]
When pressure is applied at this location, patients with inflammation of the appendix often exhibit localized pain due to irritation of the parietal peritoneum. This physical finding, historically referred to as McBurney’s sign, has been used as a non-invasive diagnostic indicator of appendicitis.[2]
Clinically, while imaging modalities such as ultrasound and computed tomography have improved diagnostic accuracy, McBurney’s point remains an important component in physical examination.[2] It provides a rapid bedside method for evaluating right lower quadrant pain and supports early clinical suspicion of appendicitis.
References:
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Guo L. McBurney’s point. Edited by Singh A, Miklush L, Richard A. Osmosis. Modified January 6, 2025. https://www.osmosis.org/answers/mcburneys-point
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O’Rahilly R. McBurney’s point: a critical review. Ir J Med Sci. 1948;23:738-742. doi:10.1007/BF02959366
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