The glomerular capsule is a microscopic structure located within the renal cortex of the kidney and forms part of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. It has a cup-like configuration that surrounds the glomerulus, a tuft of capillaries involved in blood filtration.[1] Due to its small size, the glomerular capsule can only be visualized using microscopy.[1]

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Structurally, the glomerular capsule consists of two distinct layers. The outer parietal layer is composed of simple squamous epithelium and forms the external wall of the capsule. The inner visceral layer is made up of specialized epithelial cells known as podocytes.[1] These podocytes possess finger-like cytoplasmic extensions, called pedicles, which interdigitate around the glomerular capillaries and play a key role in filtration. The space between the parietal and visceral layers, known as the capsular (urinary) space, collects the filtrate produced during blood filtration.